| 1. |
- Bertz, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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Diet and exercise weight-loss trial in lactating overweight and obese women
- 2012
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In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165. ; 96:4, s. 698-705
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Current evidence suggests a combined treatment of postpartum weight loss of diet and exercise. However, to our knowledge, neither their separate and interactive effects nor long-term outcomes have been evaluated. Objective: We evaluated whether a 12-wk dietary behavior modification (D) treatment to decrease energy intake, physical exercise behavior modification (E) treatment to implement moderate aerobic exercise, or combined dietary and physical exercise behavior modification (DE) treatment compared with control (usual care) (C) reduces body weight in lactating women measured at the end of treatment and at a 1-y follow-up 9 mo after treatment termination. Design: At 10-14 wk postpartum, 68 lactating Swedish women with a prepregnancy BMI (in kg/m(2)) of 25-35 were randomly assigned to D, E, DE, or C groups. Measurements were made at baseline, after the intervention, and again at a 1-y follow-up 9 mo later. A 2 x 2 factorial approach was used to analyze main and interaction effects of treatments. Results: Weight changes after the intervention and 1-y follow-up were -8.3 +/- 4.2 and -10.2 +/- 5.7 kg, respectively, in the D group; -2.4 +/- 3.2 and -2.7 +/- 5.9 kg, respectively, in the E group; -6.9 +/- 3.0 and -7.3 +/- 6.3 kg, respectively, in the DE group; and -0.8 +/- 3.0 and -0.9 +/- 6.6 kg, respectively, in the C group. The main effects of D treatment, but not of E treatment, on weight were significant at both times (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Dietary treatment provided clinically relevant weight loss in lactating postpartum women, which was sustained at 9 mo after treatment. The combined treatment did not yield significant weight or body-composition changes beyond those of dietary treatment alone. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01343238. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;96:698-705.
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| 3. |
- Ellegård, Lars, 1958, et al.
(author)
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Body composition in overweight and obese women postpartum: bioimpedance methods validated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and doubly labeled water
- 2016
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In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 70, s. 1181-1188
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- © 2016 Macmillan Publishers LimitedBackground/Objectives:Obesity, pregnancy and lactation all affect body composition. Simple methods to estimate body composition are useful in clinical practice and to evaluate interventions. In overweight and obese lactating women, such methods are not fully validated. The objective of this study was to validate the accuracy and precision of bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) by Xitron 4200 and 8-electrode multifrequency impedance (multifrequency bioimpedance analysis, MFBIA) by Tanita MC180MA with the reference methods dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and doubly labeled water (DLW) for the assessment of body composition in 70 overweight and obese women postpartum.Subjects/Methods:The LEVA-study (Lifestyle for Effective Weight loss during lactation) consisted of an intervention and follow-up with three assessments at 3, 6 and 15 months postpartum, which made possible the validation of both accuracy and precision. Mean differences between methods were tested by a paired t-test and Bland–Altman plots for systematic bias.Results:At baseline, BIS and MFBIA underestimated fat mass (FM) by 2.6±2.8 and 8.0±4.2 kg compared with DXA (P<0.001) but without systematic bias. BIS and MFBIA overestimated total body water (TBW) by 2.4±2.2 and 4.4±3.2 kg (P<0.001) compared with DLW, with slight systematic bias by BIS. BIS correctly estimated muscle mass without systematic bias (P>0.05). BIS overestimated changes in TBW (P=0.01) without systematic bias, whereas MFBIA varied greatly and with systematic bias.Conclusions:BIS underestimates mean FM compared with DXA but can detect mean changes in body composition, although with large limits of agreement. BIS both accurately and precisely estimates muscle mass in overweight and obese women postpartum. MFBIA underestimates FM and overestimates TBW by proprietary equations compared with DXA and DLW.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 30 March 2016; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2016.50.
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| 4. |
- Ellegård, Lars, 1958, et al.
(author)
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Distinguishing vegan-, vegetarian-, and omnivorous diets by hair isotopic analysis.
- 2019
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In: Clinical nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-1983 .- 0261-5614. ; 38:6, s. 2949-2951
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dietary risks contribute heavily to disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), being more important than hypertension, obesity, or smoking. To measure dietary exposure remains a challenge in nutrition research.The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that isotope ratios of 15N and 13C in human hair could distinguish between subjects adhering to different habitual diets.20 male and 29 female subjects average 31 years old (range 19-53), with stable dietary habits volunteered. Diets were vegan, vegetarian and omnivorous. Hair samples were processed on an elemental analyser coupled to isotope-ratio mass spectrometry.δ15N differed between vegan, vegetarian and omnivorous diets, p < 0.05 for all. δ13C differed between vegan and omnivorous diets, p < 0.05, but neither of these diets were separated from the vegetarian diet.Elemental Analysis of δ13C and especially δ15N with isotope ratio mass spectrometry seems to be a promising, non-invasive and objective way to distinguish groups of subjects on different habitual diets, at least if n=>10.
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| 5. |
- Klingberg, Sofia, 1979, et al.
(author)
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Dietary Intake of Naturally Occurring Plant Sterols Is Related to a Lower Risk of a First Myocardial Infarction in Men but Not in Women in Northern Sweden
- 2013
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In: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 143:10, s. 1630-1635
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dietary intake of naturally occurring plant sterols is inversely related to serum cholesterol concentrations. Elevated serum cholesterol increases the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), but it is unknown if this can be reduced by dietary intake of naturally occurring plant sterols. Our aim was to investigate if a high intake of naturally occurring plant sterols is related to a lower risk of contracting a first MI. The analysis included 1005 prospective cases (219 women, 786 men) and 3148 matched referents (723 women, 2425 men), aged 29-73 y at baseline, from the population-based Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study. A food frequency. questionnaire (FFQ) was completed at baseline. Absolute plant sterol intake was inversely related to the risk of a first MI in men (OR highest vs. lowest quartile = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.85; P-trend = 0.006) but not in women. After adjustment for confounders, the estimated risk was somewhat attenuated (OR highest vs. lowest quartile = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.55,0.92; P-trend = 0.067), suggesting that increasing sterol intake from 150 to 340 mg/d reduces the risk of a first MI by 29%. Energy-adjusted plant sterol intake was not related to the risk of a first MI in either men or women. In conclusion, the findings of this observational study show that a high absolute intake of naturally occurring plant sterols is significantly related to a lower risk of a first MI in men in northern Sweden, whereas no significant relation was seen for energy-adjusted plant sterol intake. In women, no significant associations were found. The results from this study show that intake of plant sterols may be important in prevention of MI.
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| 6. |
- Klingberg, Sofia, 1979, et al.
(author)
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Inverse relation between dietary intake of naturally occurring plant sterols and serum cholesterol in northern Sweden
- 2008
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In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - New York, N.Y. : American Society for Clinical Nutrition. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 87:4, s. 993-1001
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Plant sterols are bioactive compounds, found in all vegetable foods, which inhibit cholesterol absorption. Little is known about the effect of habitual natural dietary intake of plant sterols. Objective: We investigated the relation between plant sterol density (in mg/MJ) and serum concentrations of cholesterol in men and women in northern Sweden. Design: The analysis included 37 150 men and 40 502 women aged 29–61 y, all participants in the Västerbotten Intervention Program. Results: Higher plant sterol density was associated with lower serum total cholesterol in both sexes and with lower LDL cholesterol in women. After adjustment for age, body mass index (in kg/m2), and (in women) menopausal status, men with high plant sterol density (quintile 5) had 0.15 mmol/L (2.6%) lower total serum cholesterol (P for trend = 0.001) and 0.13 mmol/L (3.1%) lower LDL cholesterol (P = 0.062) than did men with low plant sterol density (quintile 1). The corresponding figures for women were 0.20 mmol/L (3.5%) lower total serum cholesterol (P for trend < 0.001) and 0.13 mmol/L (3.2%) lower LDL cholesterol (Pfor trend = 0.001). Conclusions: The present study is the second epidemiologic study to show a significant inverse relation between naturally occurring dietary plant sterols and serum cholesterol. To the extent that the associations found truly mirror plant sterol intake and not merely a diet high in vegetable fat and fiber, it highlights the importance of considering the plant sterol content of foods both in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and in the dietary advice incorporated into nutritional treatment of patients with hyperlipidemia.
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| 7. |
- Lindqvist, Helen, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Urine Metabolite Profiles and Nutrient Intake Based on 4-Day Weighed Food Diary in Habitual Vegans, Vegetarians, and Omnivores
- 2021
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In: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 151:1, s. 30-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- ABSTRACT Background: Increasing interest in diets excluding meat and other products of animal origin emphasizes the importance of objective and reliable methods to measure dietary exposure, to evaluate associations and causation between diet and health, and to quantify nutrient intakes in different diets. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate if NMR analysis of urine samples can serve as an objective method to discriminate vegan, vegetarian with or without fish, and omnivore diets. A secondary aim was to assess the influence of dietary nutrient intake on the metabolomics results. Methods: Healthy individuals (43 men and 75 women, age 19–57 y) complying with habitual vegan (n = 42), vegetarian (n = 25), vegetarian + fish (n = 13), or omnivore (n = 38) diets were enrolled. Data were collected on clinical phenotype and lifestyle including a 4-d weighed food diary. Urine was analyzed for metabolites by NMR spectroscopy and data normalized using probabilistic quotient normalization and Pareto-scaled before multivariate analysis. Before orthogonal projections to latent structures with discriminant analysis, participants were assigned as meat consumers or nonmeat consumers (vegans and vegetarians), vegans or nonvegans (omnivores, vegetarian, and vegetarian + fish). Results: The main results showed that it was possible to discriminate meat and nonmeat consumers (91% correctly classified), but discrimination between vegans and nonvegans was less rigorous (75% correctly classified). Secondary outcomes showed that reported intake of protein was higher in omnivores, and saturated fat lower and fiber higher in vegans, compared with the other groups. Discriminating metabolites were mainly related to differences in protein intake. Conclusions: NMR urine metabolomics appears suitable to objectively identify and predict habitual intake of meat in healthy individuals, but results should be interpreted with caution because not only food groups but also specific foods contribute to the patterns. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02039609. J Nutr 2020;00:1–10.
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| 8. |
- Nesse, S. H., et al.
(author)
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Predictive equations for estimating resting energy expenditure in women with overweight and obesity at three postpartum stages
- 2020
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In: Journal of Nutritional Science. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 2048-6790. ; 9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective was to investigate which predictive equations provide the best estimates of resting energy expenditure (REE) in postpartum women with overweight and obesity. Lactating women with overweight or obesity underwent REE measurement by indirect calorimetry, and fat-free mass (FFM) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at three postpartum stages. Predictive equations based on body weight and FFM were obtained from the literature. Performance of the predictive equations were analysed as the percentage of women whose REE was accurately predicted, defined as a predicted REE within +/- 10 % of measured REE. REE data were available for women at 10 weeks (n71), 24 weeks (n64) and 15 months (n57) postpartum. Thirty-six predictive equations (twenty-five weight-based and eleven FFM-based) were validated. REE was accurately predicted in >= 80 % of women at all postpartum visits by six predictive equations (two weight-based and four FFM-based). The weight-based equation with the highest performance was that of Henry (weight, height, age 30-60 years) (Henry(WH30-60)), with an overall mean of 83 % accurate predictions. The Henry(WH30-60)equation was highly suitable for predicting REE at all postpartum visits (irrespective of the women's actual age), and the performance was sustained across changes in weight and lactation status. No FFM-based equation was remarkably superior to Henry(WH30-60)for the total postpartum period.
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| 9. |
- Rådjursöga, Millie, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Metabolic profiles from two different breakfast meals characterized by H-1 NMR-based metabolomics
- 2017
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In: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-8146 .- 1873-7072. ; 231, s. 267-274
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is challenging to measure dietary exposure with techniques that are both accurate and applicable to free-living individuals. We performed a cross-over intervention, with 24 healthy individuals, to capture the acute metabolic response of a cereal breakfast (CB) and an egg and ham breakfast (EHB). Fasting and postprandial urine samples were analyzed using H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis. Metabolic profiles were distinguished in relation to ingestion of either CB or EHB. Phosphocreatine/creatine and citrate were identified at higher concentrations after consumption of EHB. Beverage consumption (i.e., tea or coffee) could clearly be seen in the data. 2-furoylglycine and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid - potential biomarkers for coffee consumption were identified at higher concentrations in coffee drinkers. Thus H-1 NMR urine metabolomics is applicable in the characterization of acute metabolic fingerprints from meal consumption and in the identification of metabolites that may serve as potential biomarkers. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Rådjursöga, Millie, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Nutritional metabolomics: Postprandial response of meals relating to vegan, lacto-ovo vegetarian, and omnivore diets
- 2018
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In: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 10:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Metabolomics provide an unbiased tool for exploring the modulation of the human metabolome in response to food intake. This study applied metabolomics to capture the postprandial metabolic response to breakfast meals corresponding to vegan (VE), lacto ovo-vegetarian (LOV), and omnivore (OM) diets. In a cross over design 32 healthy volunteers (16 men and 16 females) consumed breakfast meals in a randomized order during three consecutive days. Fasting and 3 h postprandial serum samples were collected and then subjected to metabolite profiling using1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Changes in concentration of identified and discriminating metabolites, between fasting and postprandial state, were compared across meals. Betaine, choline, and creatine displayed higher concentration in the OM breakfast, while 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, carnitine, proline, and tyrosine showed an increase for the LOV and unidentified free fatty acids displayed a higher concentration after the VE breakfast. Using1 H NMR metabolomics it was possible to detect and distinguish the metabolic response of three different breakfast meals corresponding to vegan, lacto-ovo vegetarian, and omnivore diets in serum. © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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